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Manhattan

Manhattan

Black Panther Party letter about Operation Shut Down

The Black Panther Party’s Harlem Branch, founded in 1966, defined Black Power as “having the right to self-determination or the power to decide what should go down in our community,” and “being the decision makers, the policy makers.

Parents and Taxpayers Protest and Counter-Protest on Film

In the summer of 1964, the New York City Board of Education issued a very modest plan for desegregation.

Parents and Taxpayers March to City Hall on Film

On March 12, 1964 - between the first 1964 pro-integration boycott and the second - a group of white parents calling themselves “Parents and Taxpayers” led a march from the Board of Education building in Brooklyn to City Hall in Manhattan.

Puerto Rican Civil Rights March on Film

Concern about school segregation was not only expressed during the school boycott.

Club Borinquen

Italian immigrant Leonard Covello was the principal of East Harlem’s Benjamin Franklin High School, an all-boys school.

Children Participating in a Public Campaign

In the 1930s and 1940s, Benjamin Franklin High School was a dynamic place.

The Role of the School in a Housing Program for the Community

Benjamin Franklin High School students came together in clubs that celebrated their cultural identities, like Club Borinquen and clubs focused on Italian American culture.

Hotel Pennsylvania Meeting Learns of Harlem School Ills

On April 16, 1937, Lucile Spence and the Teachers Union of New York organized a conference at the Hotel Pennsylvania in downtown Manhattan to discuss schools in Harlem.

Mayor LaGuardia’s Commission on the Harlem Riot, excerpt

On March 19, 1935, rumors spread through Harlem that police had beaten a young man to death after they arrested him for allegedly stealing a knife from a local store.

Wadleigh’s School Zone

School zones establish where students go to school, often on the basis of where they live.

The Feeble Minded in New York, excerpts

A school for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities opened on Randall’s Island in the East River in the 1860s - alongside the city’s almshouse, hospitals, and prisons.

Public School 47

New York City’s Public School 47 opened in 1908.

Albany Evening Journal

Mrs. Elizabeth Cisco worked for more than five years, with her husband and on her own, to fight for educational equality and desegregation.

First Patriotic Election in the Beach Street Industrial School

Many New Yorkers lived in poverty in the 1890s, and depended on their children to work to help support the family.

Grammar School No. 33, New York City, Assembled for Morning Exercises

New York City’s rapid growth in the 1880s and 1890s meant a dramatically increasing number of children in the city, and in schools.

Map of Randall’s, Hart, and Blackwell’s Islands

In the 1830s, the City purchased Randall’s Island to use as a remote burial ground for the poor and as an almshouse.

The Idiot School

Édouard Séguin learned how to teach children with intellectual disabilities when he lived in France.

Survey of Blackwell’s Island

Many blind people lived in dire conditions in the city almshouse for the poor, because they were not able to support themselves and had no other place to go.
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