Malcolm X Comments on the Boycotts
The second school boycott took place on March 16, 1964.
community activism
Freedom School Lesson Plan, excerpt
This proposal for a Freedom School in the North comes after Freedom Summer (1964) in Mississippi and after some of the school boycotts in New York, Boston, and Chicago.
School Boycott!
The Citywide Committee for Integrated Schools included several New York City civil rights organizations.
A Boycott Solves Nothing
The New York Times’ editorial board published this editorial a few days before the first 1964 school boycott.
Why the School Boycott?
The flier designed by two Queens civil rights organizing groups - the Congress of Racial Equality and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - calls for a boycott to protest segregation in New York City’s public schools.
In the matter of Charlene Skipwith, excerpt
On October 28, 1958, in two separate cases, the Board of Education charged the “Harlem Nine” parents with violating the state law requiring parents to send their children to school.
“We’d Rather Go to Jail.”
In 1958, one year after nine Black students made national and international news when they desegregated Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, desegregation activists in Harlem organized their own protest.
Jansen Must Go!
Harlem residents like Ella Baker and Mae Mallory, alongside other parents and community members in Brooklyn and in Jamaica, Queens, pushed the New York City Board of Education to integrate their schools.
Commission on Integration, Subcommittee on Zoning Draft Report, excerpt
In its 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the US Supreme Court ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional because separate schools for Black children were “inherently unequal.
AHRC First Fundraising Billboard
Parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities were often told to send their children to a state residential school if their IQ scores were low.
NAACP Youth Council News Bulletin, excerpts
The document above comes from a publication printed by the NAACP’s New York City Youth Council called The Challenge.
Wadleigh’s School Zone
School zones establish where students go to school, often on the basis of where they live.
Two Public School Teachers
In March 1925, The Survey Graphic published a special issue.
Race Intelligence, excerpt
Scholar W.E.B. DuBois was an editor of The Crisis, a magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (or NAACP).
The Brownies’ Book, April 1920, letters from readers
The Brownies’ Book included different kinds of writing, visual art, and photography by adults.
The Brownies’ Book, February 1920, cover
The NAACP and W.E.B. Du Bois created The Brownies’ Book to speak directly to Black children about the world and their lives.
The Brownies’ Book, January 1920, excerpts
Here are a few pages from the first issue of the magazine.
Survey of Cripples in New York City, excerpt
Polio was a mass-disabling event that spanned nearly 50 years between the time the virus appeared in 1908 to the discovery of a vaccine in 1955.
Testimony to the Uniform Type Committee
Raised type was first invented in France in 1824, by Louis Braille.